outline

Roberts, Teresa Eliot "HEALTH PRACTICES AND EXPECTATIONS OF BRAZILIANS IN THE UNITED STATES." Journal of Cultural Diversity 14.4 (2007): 192-197. Academic Search Elite. EBSCO. Web. 1 Dec. 2009.

Schiaratura, Loris, and Françoise Askevis-Leherpeux "The influence of the nonverbal behaviour of examiners on children's psychometric performances." European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE 22.3 (2007): 327-332. Academic Search Elite. EBSCO. Web. 1 Dec. 2009.


Grahe, Jon E., and Frank J. Bernieri "The Importance of Nonverbal Cues in Judging Rapport." Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 23.4 (1999): 253-269. Academic Search Elite. EBSCO. Web. 1 Dec. 2009.

Ex of how nonverbal communication can reinforce communication patterns even if they are not healthy

Pg1 of HSU notebook #2
The husband is talking to his wife and feels like she is not listening. In order to try to make the wife listen more, he raises the volume of his voice.
As the volume of the voice goes up the wife becomes a little angry and frightened and physically turns away from him
He feels more ignored and he raises his voice louder
This creates a set of internal negative communication processes:
-His rise in voice becomes an anchor for the internal response of her feeling a little angry and frightened and doing an external response of turning away from him
-her turning away from him becomes an internal response to him feeling ignored and doing an external response of raising his voice
-this cycle then repeats

Other ways that the wife could nonverbally communicate that she is not listening
Doing nonverbal leakage behaviors Judi James
Def of leakage behaviors: small gestures that show feelings that u aren’t expressing explicity (usually because they have a negative effect on the situation) or make ur words seem false or less true Judi James
Ex of leakage behaviors: ur foot taps when ur impatient, u glance at ur watch or the clock when ur impatient, u fiddle w/ a pen when ur nervous, pt ur finger when ur angry, you yawn when ur bored, biting ur nails when ur impatient or nervous or feeling vulnerable Judi James




Ways that the wife could show that she is listening so that the husband wouldn’t feel the need to raise the voice
The wife could look in his eyes the whole time he is talking Kim Mueser and Shirley Glynn
As they are talking, produce facial expressions that convey the feeling of the speaker which are consistent with the content of the message Kim Mueser and Shirley Glynn
Wife’s body is oriented (positioned toward) to the speaker, leaning slightly forward, titled the head toward the speaker Kim Mueser and Shirley Glynn
-ur primary focus is the speaker, ur serious about the conversation Kim Mueser and Shirley Glynn
-u respect the speaker, u have interest in the speaker Kim Mueser and Shirley Glynn
Body is relaxed but is not in a slouched position. Kim Mueser and Shirley Glynn When talking the body can be erect.
Don’t do nonverbal behaviors that convey disinterest. ex sigh and roll eyes Kim Mueser and Shirley Glynn

Sitting creates many positive messages nonverbally communicates that: Lynette Long
-U have the time to talk Lynette Long
-U have respect for the individual (s) Lynette Long
-U have respect for their need to talk Lynette Long



Everyone in communication have the same size chair Kenneth Villard and Leland Whipple
Raise eyebrows when u hear something interesting or important that u want to hear more about (Mark Knapp and Judith Hall)
Have ur lips be relaxed not tightly closed or sucked in (Judi James)
Have eyes wide open (Mark Knapp and Judith Hall)
Have pt pointed toward the person you are talking to (Mark Knapp and Judith Hall)
Be sitting in a way that u have upturned palms and open arms. This can communicate openness and receptiveness. Kenneth Villard and Leland Whipple This can communicate that you are sensitive because the palm is at least twice as sensitive as the back of the hand Samy Molcho. This can communicate trust and the willingness to act amicably and cooperatively Samy Molcho. This communicates a willingness to not cover up or hide personal sensitivies’ and feelings Samy Molcho. This is a gesture of free give and take Samy Molcho. This gesture signals readineess to accept counter arguments and can remove the intention of confrontation Samy Molcho. The gesture has a positive spiritual and personal meaning Samy Molcho. For example, it is used in the iconography of saints, is used in motifs of blessing, intercessory prayer and presentation of gifts Samy Molcho.
Use open hand palm gestures w/ palm facing toward the sky preferably instead of finger pointing gestures whenever possible. Samy Molcho.
Have an open posture Ex don’t cross ur arms and legs Jon E. Grahe and Frank J. Bernieri
Have a similar speech pattern in terms of accent tempo speed of response and other things, Teresa Eliot Roberts
Have a warm voice Loris Schiaratura and Françoise Askevis-Leherpeux
Frequently smile if appropriate Loris Schiaratura and Françoise Askevis-Leherpeux

Samy Molcho Do a pyramid with ur hands pg 163 molcho instead of a fist or ur fingers together w/ur fingers pointing out from ur knuckles (porcupine fingers pg 162 molcho)
Porcupine fingers make u seem defensive and can communicate aggression Samy Molcho. (Pyramid hands) can communicate searching for a point of contact or commonality, a balancing of mutual interests and a willingness to come to an agreement Samy Molcho. Samy Molcho A clenched fist usually sends out an aggressive stimulus and signals I am ready to fight for this thing or idea and then the person they are interacting with might think they are never going to accept my idea/thoughts so I’ll just seem like I am agreeing with them and then I’ll do it behind their back. Samy Molcho When someone has a clenched fist, people usually respond to it with aggression consciously or unconsciously and this can result in tension slowly increasing in people to the pt where both people are yelling at each other SKIT

Use expansive, wide open gestures when appropriate Samy Molcho. This involves moving the upper arms away from the body while having the palm visible Samy Molcho. This will show you are not conceited and dominant and are willing to trust the other people and communicate and exchange information Samy Molcho.

If they ask questions, do slight head movements after every question asked Mary Fitzpatrick and Partricia Noller

Don’t have shifty eyes because it may make you seem untrustworthy and may make them slightly upset because it makes them think that you are going to try to use the information against them in some way Chinn and Wine and Walters what are shifty eyes

Have open feet to seem attentive Rosemary Thompson

Don’t have external distractions Lynette Long
If someone is paying attention to a distraction they are nonverbally saying (even if you are just biting your nails) I think these distractions are more important than what they are saying Lynette Long


Remove background noise Lynette Long
If people don’t have to continually repeat themselves they will feel you are listening more Lynette Long

Be in a small room (these generally make people feel safer) that has a sense of privacy environment Lynette Long
Have nothing that establishes a physical barrier between the people talking because physical barriers impede disclosure Lynette Long



• Olfactics (smell)
Room effect
The pure essential oil true lavender (augustifolia) can have a similar effect as Valium. Valium has a calming sedative effect on the amydala of the brain where fear and anger are analyzed by the body.
Synthetic copies of pure essential oils do not have the positive effects that pure essentials oils do.
Personal Effect
Can put a drop of ylan ylang on the skin and this can relax your nerves
Holistic nursing


• Artifacts (Objects) and Environment

Plants
Position in corners of room David Kennedy
Odd # of them David Kennedy
Rounded leaves instead of long pointed leaves David Kennedy
Avoid dagger-like plants (like cactuses, unless they hold sentimental meaning) because the plants can make people feel like they are symbolically being attacked by the pointed or thorny leaves David Kennedy
Have plants with flowers and/or fruits to make the room the most positive and warm David Kennedy

Lights
Lead faceted crystal spheres or quartz crystals: when sunlight hits these crystal spheres David Kennedy
Prismatic rainbows scatter beautifully throughout the house David Kennedy
Crystals can shift the energy in the room in many ways including: David Kennedy
-adding light, ?expanding the? light and ?creating? new energy David Kennedy
-redirecting energies toward a more beneficial direction David Kennedy
-harmonizing confusing or chaotic flows of energy David Kennedy

Best: 50-millimeter diameters or larger crystal spheres two inches or longer David Kennedy
2nd best: 40-millimeter spheres David Kennedy

Furniture
Position sofas and chairs so nobodys back is facing the door or has their back to the entrance Skye Alexander
-creates an atmosphere of welcoming people into the room Skye Alexander
-prevents people from being afraid of being startled by someone coming up behind them when they are seated Skye Alexander


Parents shouldn’t exaggerate the meaning of their teens body language and instead try to use it as an opportunity to learn how to best negotiate with ur teen and teach about them about acceptable language in the workplace
Ex. Teen makes a disparaging hand gesture and at the same time briefly shrugs his shoulders
Peers would think: Ok, I guess he doesn’t agree with this Samy Molcho
Mom thinks: My teen has an attitude problem and he is acting aggressively and contemptuously Samy Molcho

Recognize that the reason that teens may nonverbally act more uninhibited than u is not always because they are trying to offend u but because they usually follow a different body language code when they are outside of the home that doesn’t require them to be as inhibited and restricted as adults generally need to be to their employers or fellow employees. Samy Molcho Take this as an opportunity to tell them how important their nonverbal reactions can be in situations where they need to support themselves through a steady state of income Samy Molcho